STEPTRACKERHIGH-YIELD RAPID REVIEW | PATHOLOGY · BIOCHEMISTRY · MICROBIOLOGY · IMMUNOLOGY · PHARMACOLOGY

USMLE Step 1 Rapid Review

PART IPrinciplesChapters 01–02 · 11 pages

01

Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics

1.01Absorption, distribution & volume of distributionBioavailability · first-pass effect · Vd and what it predicts · protein bindingOpen →1.02Clearance, half-life & dosingElimination kinetics · half-life · loading and maintenance doses · steady stateOpen →1.03Drug metabolism, CYP450 & pharmacogenomicsPhase I vs II · CYP inducers and inhibitors · acetylators · G6PD, TPMT, HLAOpen →1.04Dose-response & receptorsPotency vs efficacy · agonists, antagonists, partial agonists · therapeutic indexOpen →1.05Drug safety: pregnancy, lactation & elderlyTeratogens and timing · drugs to avoid in breastfeeding · high-risk drugs in the elderlyOpen →

02

Autonomic Pharmacology

2.01Autonomic receptors & neurotransmissionSympathetic and parasympathetic pathways · receptor types and second messengersOpen →2.02Cholinergic agonists & cholinesterase inhibitorsDirect agonists · reversible inhibitors · myasthenia gravis · Alzheimer drugsOpen →2.03Muscarinic antagonists & organophosphate poisoningAtropine and relatives · anticholinergic toxicity · organophosphates, pralidoximeOpen →2.04SympathomimeticsCatecholamines · direct and indirect agonists · pressors and inotropesOpen →2.05α-blockers & α2-agonistsNonselective and selective α1 blockers · clonidine, methyldopa · uses and adverse effectsOpen →2.06β-blockersSelectivity · ISA · uses · adverse effects · overdoseOpen →

PART IISystems PharmacologyChapters 03–13 · 38 pages

03

Cardiovascular

3.01AntihypertensivesFirst-line classes · drugs by comorbidity · hypertensive emergency · adverse effectsOpen →3.02Heart failure drugsMortality-reducing drugs · symptom relief · digoxinOpen →3.03Antianginals & vasodilatorsNitrates · β-blockers, CCBs · ranolazine · PDE5 inhibitors · pulmonary hypertension drugsOpen →3.04Antiarrhythmics I — classes I & IISodium channel blockers by subclass · β-blockersOpen →3.05Antiarrhythmics II — classes III, IV & othersPotassium channel blockers · CCBs · adenosine · magnesium, digoxinOpen →3.06Lipid-lowering drugsStatins · ezetimibe · PCSK9 inhibitors · fibrates · niacin · bile acid resinsOpen →

04

Renal

4.01DiureticsSites of action along the nephron · electrolyte effects · uses and adverse effectsOpen →4.02RAAS & other renal drugsRAAS blockade · hyperkalemia treatment · CKD bone and anemia drugs · stones · nephrotoxinsOpen →

05

Hematology

5.01AnticoagulantsHeparins · warfarin · direct thrombin and Xa inhibitors · reversalOpen →5.02Antiplatelets & thrombolyticsAspirin · P2Y12 blockers · GPIIb/IIIa · PDE inhibitors · tPAOpen →5.03Drugs for anemia & blood cellsIron, B12, folate · EPO · G-CSF · hydroxyurea · TPO agonistsOpen →

06

Endocrine

6.01Diabetes drugsInsulins · metformin · sulfonylureas · GLP-1, DPP-4, SGLT2 · TZDsOpen →6.02Thyroid drugsLevothyroxine · thionamides · iodine · radioactive iodine · β-blockersOpen →6.03Adrenal drugs & glucocorticoidsGlucocorticoid potency · adverse effects · mineralocorticoids · steroid synthesis blockersOpen →6.04Pituitary, bone & calcium drugsGH, octreotide · vasopressin, oxytocin · bisphosphonates · denosumab · teriparatideOpen →6.05Reproductive hormonesEstrogens, SERMs · progestins · contraception · androgens · 5α-reductase · GnRHOpen →

07

Gastrointestinal

7.01Acid suppression & ulcer drugsPPIs · H2 blockers · antacids · misoprostol · sucralfate · H pyloriOpen →7.02Antiemetics, motility, laxatives & IBD drugs5-HT3, D2, NK1 blockers · metoclopramide · laxatives · loperamide · IBD agentsOpen →

08

Respiratory

8.01Asthma, COPD & allergy drugsβ2-agonists · inhaled steroids · antimuscarinics · leukotriene blockers · biologics · antihistaminesOpen →

09

Neurology

9.01AnticonvulsantsDrug of choice by seizure type · mechanisms · adverse effects · pregnancyOpen →9.02Parkinson, Alzheimer & MS drugsLevodopa-carbidopa · dopamine agonists · MAO-B, COMT · Alzheimer drugs · MS, ALS, HuntingtonOpen →9.03Anesthetics & neuromuscular blockersInhaled and IV anesthetics · local anesthetics · depolarizing and nondepolarizing blockersOpen →9.04Opioids & analgesicsOpioid receptors · agonists, partial agonists, antagonists · tolerance and withdrawalOpen →9.05Headache, spasticity & other neuro drugsTriptans · CGRP blockers · migraine prevention · spasticity · myasthenia · glaucoma drugsOpen →

10

Psychiatry

10.01AntidepressantsSSRIs, SNRIs · TCAs · MAOIs · atypicals · serotonin syndromeOpen →10.02AntipsychoticsTypical vs atypical · extrapyramidal effects · NMS · metabolic effectsOpen →10.03Mood stabilizers, anxiolytics & hypnoticsLithium · valproate, lamotrigine · benzodiazepines · Z-drugs · buspironeOpen →10.04ADHD, addiction & other psychiatric drugsStimulants · atomoxetine · alcohol, opioid, nicotine treatmentsOpen →

11

Inflammation & Musculoskeletal

11.01NSAIDs, acetaminophen & aspirinCOX-1 vs COX-2 · adverse effects · aspirin uses and toxicityOpen →11.02Gout & rheumatology drugsAcute gout · urate-lowering · colchicine · DMARDs · biologic DMARDsOpen →

12

Antimicrobials

12.01Cell wall & membrane antibioticsPenicillins · cephalosporins · carbapenems · aztreonam · vancomycin · daptomycinOpen →12.02Protein synthesis inhibitorsAminoglycosides · tetracyclines · macrolides · clindamycin · linezolid · chloramphenicolOpen →12.03DNA, folate & antimycobacterial drugsFluoroquinolones · TMP-SMX · metronidazole · nitrofurantoin · RIPEOpen →12.04Antifungal & antiparasitic drugsAmphotericin · azoles · echinocandins · terbinafine · antimalarials · antihelminthicsOpen →12.05Antivirals & antiretroviralsHerpes, influenza, hepatitis drugs · NRTIs · NNRTIs · protease and integrase inhibitorsOpen →

13

Oncology & Immunomodulators

13.01Cytotoxic chemotherapyDrugs by cell-cycle phase and mechanism · signature toxicities · rescue agentsOpen →13.02Targeted therapy & antibodiesKinase inhibitors · monoclonal antibodies · hormonal therapy · checkpoint inhibitorsOpen →13.03Immunosuppressants & biologicsCalcineurin and mTOR inhibitors · antimetabolites · cytokine blockersOpen →

PART IIIToxicology & ReviewChapters 14–15 · 6 pages

14

Toxicology

14.01Toxidromes & antidotesToxidromes · antidote table · decontamination and dialysis · toxic alcoholsOpen →14.02Specific poisoningsCarbon monoxide · cyanide · methemoglobinemia · lead, arsenic, mercury · caustics · envenomationOpen →14.03Drug reactions by organHepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, ototoxic, cardiotoxic drugs · hematologic and skin reactionsOpen →

15

Rapid-Fire Review

15.01Drug name stemsSuffix → class → exampleOpen →15.02Signature adverse effectsClassic drug → toxicity pairsOpen →15.03Interactions, contraindications & special populationsCYP interactions · QT drugs · drugs to avoid by conditionOpen →